总负债 / 总资产，衡量公司财务杠杆水平。资本结构、投资行为研究的核心变量。
异常值偏多，建议双端 1% winsor；研究融资约束时常拆分长期与短期负债率。
Manually curated mapping of the same concept to its variable name in each database.
| dataset | variable | label | type/role | note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| csmar_finance CSMAR财务数据库 | lev | 资产负债率 | continuous / iv,control | — |
| resset_finance RESSET 锐思金融研究数据库 | lev | 资产负债率 | continuous / control | — |
| compustat_na Compustat North America Annual Fundamentals | lt | Total Liabilities | continuous / iv,control | 总负债，需除以 at 构造资产负债率 |